S形内锁针张力带内固定治疗肩锁关节脱位

目的 :比较肩锁关节全脱位用S形内锁针张力带内固定法与传统克氏针固定法的效果。方法 :根据肩锁关节解剖学和生物力学特点 ,本文设计了S形内锁克氏针结合张力带内固定系统治疗肩锁关节全脱位 2 6例 (S形针组 ) ,并用传统克氏针张力带内固定 2 2例作为对照组 (传统组 )。结果 :S形针组优 2 2例 ,良 4例 ,差 0例。传统组优 13例 ,良 5例 ,差 4例 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :S形内锁针张力带内固定 ,为肩锁关节脱位的复位固定提供一种有效的方法     

农业节水技术采纳行为的影响因素——基于保护动机理论和跨理论模型

为探讨认知因素在农户农业节水行为形成过程中发挥的作用,基于保护动机理论和行为变化的跨理论模型分析框架,运用广义有序logit回归模型实证分析了农户认知因素对节水技术采纳行为的影响。结果表明:1)农户认知对农业节水技术采纳行为意向具有统计显著影响。高感知严重性、感知脆弱性、自我效能和反应效能将导致更高水平的农业节水技术行为意向;回报因子和反应成本对农户节水技术采纳行为意向具有显著负向影响。2)农户所处的行为阶段不同,各认知因素对农业节水技术采用决策的影响存在异质性,对于处于预思考阶段农户,保护动机模型变量均是影响其行为意向的激励因素;对于处于沉思阶段的农户,感知脆弱性、自我效能和反应成本是影响其行为意向的主要动机;处于准备阶段的农户受感知脆弱性、回报因子和反应效能的影响较大;而对于处于行动阶段的农户,感知严重性、感知脆弱性、反应成本和回报因子是促使其持续采用农业节水技术的关键预测因子。因此,政府应根据农户不同的意愿行为阶段制定针对性、差别化的激励策略,从而促进农户农业节水技术采纳行为意向。     

基于松弛试验的蓖麻籽压榨非线性流变模型

【目的】揭示蓖麻籽压榨过程中的流变特征.【方法】利用单轴压榨试验装置进行应力松弛试验,获取了松弛过程中应力与时间关系.基于试验结果和半理论半经验法,利用改进的广义Maxwell模型建立了蓖麻籽压榨非线性流变模型,使用非线性回归法分段对模型参数进行求解,并将模型计算值与试验结果对比.【结果和结论】综合对比结果可知:模型模拟值与应力松弛试验结果吻合较好,该模型能较好的模拟压榨应变大于0.65时蓖麻籽的非线性流变特性.     

3种标准树高曲线建立方法的比较

【目的】比较3种标准树高曲线建立方法的优劣,为选择适宜的标准树高曲线建立方法提供依据。【方法】以福建省将乐县国有林场29块杉木人工林实测数据为依据,采用传统非线性模型、BP神经网络模型、非线性混合模型分别建立杉木标准树高曲线模型,以决定系数R2、均方根误差RMSE以及平均绝对残差|珚E|作为模型评价和检验指标,对比分析三者的拟合效果。【结果】从拟合精度来看,非线性混合模型、BP神经网络模型、传统模型的决定系数分别为0.916 1,0.904 8和0.889 7,RMSE分别为1.652 9,1.761 2和1.895 4,|珚E|分别为1.205 9,1.291 7和1.400 1;从预测精度来看,三者的决定系数分别为0.941 5,0.935 2和0.918 3,RMSE分别为1.361 8,1.432 2和1.609 0,|珚E|分别为0.989 8,1.030 5和1.142 8。【结论】3种方法均能较好地模拟杉木树高的生长,BP神经网络模型与非线性混合模型的拟合精度和预测能力均较传统的非线性模型好,但非线性混合模型略优于BP神经网络模型。     

医用骨水泥和人工韧带在犬髋关节脱位治疗中的应用

为了探索人工圆韧带植入术治疗犬髋关节脱位远期疗效降低的解决办法,选择体重6．5 kg～7．5 kg、年龄1岁左右的3只本地家犬,在使用外科丝线替代圆韧带植入髋关节后,使用医用骨水泥填充和封闭髋臼和股骨孔道,术后通过运动姿态观察、负重力测试、常规 X 线摄片、血清生化项目检测和病理剖检几个方面,分析评估人工圆韧带植入术使用医用骨水泥的效果。结果显示,随着犬肢运动状态逐渐改善,术肢负重力增加;但随着丝线断开或出现退行性关节病,术肢运动肢势改变和负重力降低;骨水泥填充、封闭人工圆韧带孔道效果可靠,关节滑液保持良好,血清重要生化指标均在参考范围。在动物试验基础上,选择医用人工韧带植入和将骨水泥用于犬髋关节脱位临床病例1例,经过9个月的动态观察,术肢运动状态、负重力和髋关节 X 线影像与健肢相比无任何异常。动物试验与临床疗效表明,联合使用医用骨水泥和人工韧带能够很好地重建髋关节结构和功能,维持人工圆韧带植入术治疗犬髋关节脱位的远期疗效。     

Evidence for long‐term spatial displacement of breeding and pupping harbour seals by shellfish aquaculture over three decades

• 1. Shellfish mariculture is increasing worldwide and often occurs adjacent to marine mammal breeding and feeding habitat. To better understand breeding pinniped vulnerability to potential shellfish mariculture disturbance and displacement effects in a US National Park, potential mechanisms were explored that may affect the proportion of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) selecting high quality haul‐out sites near shellfish aquaculture within a large colony, and overall seal utilization of that colony in relation to other regional colonies.
• 2. Seal haul‐out sites isolated from the mainland (no predator access) had higher pup:adult ratios, indicating they are generally more important for pupping. Short‐term human disturbance did not have a significant effect on spatial use, but rather spatial use was pre‐determined by general sandbar isolation. Using multiple competing hypothesis and an information‐theoretic approach, it was found that within the estuary, after removing effects of El Niño, the proportion of seals (total seals and pups only) hauled out near mariculture sites was 8 ± 2% lower during years of higher oyster harvest. Annual oyster harvest was used as a measure of aquaculture activity that could result in direct disturbance or indirect displacement of harbour seals.
• 3. At the regional scale, oyster harvest, seal counts at a nearby colony, and loss of a major haul‐out site within the estuary, best explained pup and total seal use compared with the region. Regional population size, short‐term human disturbance rate, and other factors were not important. Concurrent with higher oyster harvest, the proportion of regional seals using the estuary declined by 7 ± 2% for seal pups (–65 ± 18 total pups), and 5 ± 2% for total counts ( ? 192 ± 58 total seals). These findings (both within the estuary and at the regional scale) were essentially identical whether modelling oyster harvest as either a continuous or categorical (low/high) variable and when using either frequentist or Bayesian statistical analyses.
• 4. Marine reserves set aside for wildlife may be less effective when the highest quality breeding and pupping sites are adjacent to regular aquaculture activities. These effects may not be detectable until additional natural variation lowers the quality of nearby habitats. Published in 2011. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

     

Predicting summer fin whale distribution in the Pelagos Sanctuary (north-western Mediterranean Sea) to identify dynamic whale–vessel collision risk areas

1. Mediterranean fin whales aggregating in the Pelagos Sanctuary in summer to feed are exposed to vessel collision risk, particularly from high-speed ferries.
2. This study developed models to predict summer fin whale distribution using a generalized additive model (GAM) and MaxEnt, with the aim of providing a tool to identify potential high whale–ferry collision risk areas along ferry routes within the Pelagos Sanctuary during summertime.
3. Models were trained using sightings data collected in the summer months of 2009–2018 on board ferries crossing the central area of the Pelagos Sanctuary. Environmental predictors were bathymetry and mean sea surface chlorophyll concentration of the annual spring bloom period.
4. The predictive ability of GAM and MaxEnt was assessed using existing knowledge of summer fin whale distribution in the region. GAM (deviance explained = 20.2%) predictions matched documented distributions more closely than that of MaxEnt, with highest predicted fin whale occurrence in deep offshore waters (>2000 m) encompassing the central north-western and western regions, and in the south-eastern region, consistent with known fin whale habitats within the Pelagos Sanctuary. Inter-annual variability was evident, influencing collision risk areas.
5. Collision risk was estimated as a function of the overlap between the predicted probability of fin whale occurrence and ferry density estimated from Automated Identification System data. Ferry routes that cross the northern and eastern regions of the Pelagos Sanctuary presented relatively higher collision risk.
6. Areas with changes in risk intensity between the years were temporally and spatially dynamic: some appeared intermittently throughout the study period while others persisted over consecutive years or recurred in different years.
7. Due to the vastness of the Pelagos Sanctuary, vessel speed reduction maybe a more practical measure to manage collision risk than re-routing shipping lanes. A combination of Seasonal Management Areas and Dynamic Management Areas approaches could be adopted for high-risk areas.

     

单栋塑料温室内多因子综合CFD稳态模拟分析

为分析单栋塑料温室内的综合环境:气流场、温度场、湿度场、CO2浓度场,建立了包括温室内外空间、室内作物和土壤层等的温室环境几何模型。将温室内的湿空气看作水蒸气、CO2和干空气的混合气体,在分析温室中太阳辐射、作物与环境的质热交换,动量及质能传递过程的基础上,对单栋塑料温室内的环境因子进行了稳态模拟。温室内热辐射传递过程采用蒙特卡罗法模拟方法;将室内作物简化为连续固体换热模型,采用剪应力输运模型(SST)表述温室内的空气紊流。结果显示:温室通风对温度、湿度和CO2分布的影响很大,温室内部上风向温度低,湿度小,同时CO2浓度也不高;温室下风向作物冠层的环境未达到优化状态;模型的预测值低于实测值,但变化规律相似,温度、湿度、CO2含量的预测相对误差分别低于8%、6%和7%。     

采用广义回归神经网络建立酪蛋白乳化性与疏水性关系

为了研究琥珀酰化修饰后酪蛋白乳化性与疏水性关系,该文以琥珀酰化牦牛乳酪蛋白为研究对象,分析了不同酰化程度酪蛋白乳化性及疏水性变化趋势,采用广义回归神经网络建立了牦牛乳酰化酪蛋白乳化性与疏水性关系模型。结果显示,琥珀酰化牦牛乳酪蛋白乳化性和疏水性均与酰化程度、pH值有关,pH值为5以上,随着酰化程度的增加,酪蛋白乳化活性增大;等电点附近,酪蛋白乳化活性较差,等电点之后乳化活性迅速增大。pH值介于2-6时,所有酪蛋白乳化稳定性较强,pH值介于6-11之间时,酪蛋白乳化稳定性差异较小,pH值为12时乳化稳定性有所增加。酪蛋白内荧光与1-苯胺基萘-8-磺酸(1-aniline napthalene-8-sulfonic acid,ANS)外源荧光最大荧光强度和最大发射波长随酰化程度及pH值变化表现出较为复杂的关系。通过广义回归神经网络(generalized-regression-neu-network,GRNN)建立了牦牛乳酪蛋白疏水性参数、pH值、酰化程度与乳化性关系,网络模型对乳化性的预测相对误差小于10%,预测结果良好。研究结果为酪蛋白乳化性研究提供了参考依据。